Hable acerca de algo complejo de hacer: instalar Windows a través de la red. Incluso instalarlo a través de una unidad USB(USB drive) es más sencillo. Sin embargo, esto no significa que no se pueda hacer. Usando una herramienta gratuita llamada Serva y un poco de tiempo y atención(time and attention) , cualquiera puede configurar su entorno de red(network environment) para que las instalaciones de Windows se realicen con facilidad, desde una computadora en red(network computer) . ¡Así es como funciona todo el proceso!
Requisitos previos MUY IMPORTANTES
Hay muchas cosas que debe preparar de antemano, para que todo funcione sin problemas. No(Please) omita ninguno de estos elementos o la probabilidad de falla será alta:
You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.
"D:SERVA"
You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.
For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.
Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.
When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.
The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.
Paso 1(Step 1) : ejecute Serva y realice(Run Serva & Make) su configuración inicial(Initial Configuration)
Ejecute Serva(Run Serva) como administrador. La versión gratuita le pedirá que espere 7 segundos antes de poder usarla. Una vez que termine la espera, haga clic en "Gracias, hoy no"("Thanks, not today") .
Su ventana ahora está abierta. Haga clic en Configuración(Settings) .
Primero, vaya a la pestaña DHCP . Si sus computadoras son parte de la misma red y su enrutador se encarga de la administración de las direcciones IP(IP Addresses) , habilite estas configuraciones: proxyDHCP y BINL .
BINL es un complemento especial que actúa como una extensión del protocolo DHCP(DHCP protocol) y lo utiliza Serva durante sus procedimientos de preparación y mantenimiento(preparation and maintenance procedures) . proxyDHCP es una configuración especial que le dice a Serva que no necesita actuar como un servidor DCHP(DCHP server) para proporcionar direcciones IP a las computadoras que se conectan a él.
Aunque los desarrolladores de Serva no recomiendan habilitar esta configuración, hemos aprendido en nuestras pruebas que ayuda a eliminar algunos problemas. Por lo tanto(Therefore) , active también la casilla que dice "Enlazar DHCP a esta dirección" y deje la ("Bind DHCP to this address")dirección IP(IP address) predeterminada que se proporciona.
No es necesario modificar otras configuraciones en esta pestaña. A continuación(Next) , vaya a la pestaña TFTP .
TFTP proviene de Trivial File Transfer Protocol y es el protocolo utilizado por Serva para transferir archivos a través de la red. Este protocolo también necesita un poco de configuración.
Primero, marque la casilla cerca del servidor TFTP(TFTP Server) . Luego, debe especificar el llamado directorio "raíz". Este es el directorio donde planea almacenar los archivos de instalación de Windows . (Windows installation)Esta carpeta puede ser la misma carpeta donde extrajo Serva o una nueva. Tenga en cuenta que debe usar rutas cortas y evitar el uso de espacios y caracteres especiales (*, &, ", etc.) en el nombre del directorio(directory name) o su ruta.
Para ayudar a eliminar problemas en algunos entornos de red, también puede marcar la casilla junto a "Enlazar TFTP a esta dirección" y dejar la ("Bind TFTP to this address")dirección IP(IP address) predeterminada sin cambios.
Pulse Aceptar(OK) para guardar su configuración. Luego cierre Serva y vuelva a iniciarlo (como administrador). Durante el reinicio, creará una estructura de carpetas(folder structure) especial en la carpeta raíz(root folder) que especificó.
Entre(Amongst) esas carpetas, debe encontrar una llamada WIA_WDS y otra llamada WIA_RIS . Si no se encuentran dentro de la carpeta raíz(root folder) que especificó, algo salió mal con la configuración de Serva . Si todo está bien, continúe y lea la siguiente sección de este artículo.
Paso 2(Step 2) : copie los archivos de instalación de Windows(Windows Installation Files)
Vaya a la carpeta raíz(root folder) que especificó. Aquí, debe copiar los archivos de instalación de Windows(Windows installation) , tal como están, sin ninguna modificación por su parte.
Si desea instalar versiones anteriores de Windows como Windows XP o Windows(Windows XP or Windows) 2000, debe copiar esos archivos en la carpeta WIA_RIS . Dado que estos sistemas operativos son muy antiguos y no recomendamos usarlos, no proporcionaremos instrucciones específicas para ellos.
Si planea instalar Windows Vista , Windows 7 o Windows 8 , abra la carpeta WIA_WDS . Allí, cree una nueva carpeta con el nombre de acuerdo con la versión de Windows(Windows version) que desea copiar. Use nombres de carpeta simples, sin espacios ni caracteres especiales. Por ejemplo, usé Windows_7 .
Cree(Create) carpetas separadas, con diferentes nombres para todas las versiones de Windows que planee instalar a través de la red, usando Serva .
Dentro de esa carpeta, copie y pegue(copy and paste) todos los archivos de instalación de la versión de Windows(Windows version) que desea instalar a través de la red. Simplemente(Simply) vaya a la raíz del disco de instalación(installation disc) y copie toda su estructura de archivos y carpetas(file and folder structure) .
Paso 3 - Inicie Serva
Inicie Serva(Start Serva) nuevamente, como administrador y espere(administrator and wait) a que detecte los archivos de instalación que agregó. Creará su estructura de carpetas(folder structure) especial , requerida para distribuir los archivos de instalación a través de la red.
Luego, cierre Serva y vaya al siguiente paso.
Paso 4(Step 4) : copie los controladores de la tarjeta de red(Network Card Driver)
A continuación, debe copiar los controladores de la tarjeta de red(network card) para las computadoras en las que desea instalar Windows .
Vaya a la carpeta donde copió los archivos de instalación. En mi caso, fue "D:serva" (tanto la raíz como la carpeta de instalación de Serva(root and Serva installation folder) ), seguido de "WIA_WDSWindows_7" .
Allí, vaya a "$OEM$$1DriversNIC" . Si no puede encontrar estas carpetas, créelas usted mismo.
Luego, extraiga los controladores de la tarjeta de red y colóquelos dentro. (network card)Si sus controladores vienen como un archivo setup.exe o como un archivo autoextraíble, extráigalo primero. Asegúrese de que los archivos ".inf" y ".cat" del controlador estén almacenados directamente en la carpeta NIC(NIC folder) .
Paso 5(Step 5) : comparta la carpeta WIA_WDS(WIA_WDS Folder) con la red
Para que Serva distribuya los archivos de instalación de Windows(Windows installation) a través de la red, deben compartirse con la red para que otras computadoras puedan acceder a ellos. Desafortunadamente, Serva requiere que comparta la carpeta WIA_WDS (y no sus subcarpetas u otras carpetas) usando un nombre compartido(share name) muy específico : WIA_WDS_SHARE . El uso de cualquier otro nombre compartido(share name) significa que es probable que falle el procedimiento de instalación .(installation procedure)
Para compartir esta carpeta con el nombre que mencionamos, primero debe habilitar el uso compartido avanzado en Windows y luego compartirla. Así es como funciona el uso compartido avanzado en Windows : Comparta bibliotecas o carpetas mediante el uso compartido avanzado(Advanced Sharing) .
Debe otorgar al usuario Todos(Everyone) permisos de solo lectura. También puede compartir esta carpeta con cuentas de usuario específicas, cuyos datos de inicio de sesión utilizará más adelante, durante el proceso de instalación de la red(network installation process) . Nuevamente(Again) , los permisos de solo lectura son suficientes.
Paso 6 - Inicie Serva
Vuelva a iniciar Serva(Start Serva) con permisos de administrador. Detectará los controladores de red que agregó y realizará algunos cambios, de modo que los controladores se distribuyan correctamente cuando inicie el proceso de instalación(installation process) en otras computadoras. Ahora puede dejarlo abierto y esperando conexiones de red.
A continuación, vaya a la(s) computadora(s) donde desea instalar Windows .
Paso 7(Step 7) : en la PC de destino(Target PC) : habilite el arranque Lan y el arranque(Lan Booting & Boot) desde la red
Ve a la computadora donde quieres instalar Windows e ingresa a su BIOS . Asegúrese(Make) de que el arranque de red esté habilitado. Esta configuración se puede denominar "Arrancar desde la red"("Boot from the network") o "Arrancar desde PXE"("Boot from PXE") .
Luego, inicie la computadora y presione la tecla requerida para que aparezca el menú de inicio(Boot Menu) . En la mayoría de las computadoras, debe presionar F12 o F8 , según la versión del BIOS(BIOS version) . Seleccione Red(Network) o PXE (nuevamente, esto depende del BIOS de su computadora ), para arrancar desde la red, usando Serva .
Si todo está bien, debería ver una pantalla similar a la siguiente, donde se muestra la MAC de la computadora y la (MAC)tarjeta de red(network card) solicita una dirección IP a(IP address) través de DHCP .
Cuando la computadora está conectada a la red, Serva carga y muestra una pantalla con los sistemas operativos disponibles para la instalación. Elija el que desee y presione ENTER .
Los archivos de instalación se cargan y se muestra una pequeña ventana llamada ServaPENet . En este paso, Serva instala el controlador de red(network driver) que agregó anteriormente, carga los recursos de red y se conecta a la carpeta de instalación de Windows . (Windows installation)Dependiendo de cómo haya compartido la carpeta WIA_WDS , le pedirá que proporcione un nombre de usuario y una contraseña(username and password) para acceder a ella. Escriba los detalles de la cuenta de usuario(user account) con la que la compartió y conéctese.
Si todo salió bien, ahora se inicia el proceso de instalación de Windows .(Windows installation)
Paso 8(Step 8) : instale Windows a través de la red
A continuación, continúa con la instalación de Windows(Windows installation) , como de costumbre. Si planea instalar Windows 8 , consulte esta guía de instalación(installation guide) : Cómo instalar Windows 8 RTM en su computadora(Your Computer) .
Solución de problemas con Serva
Si no presta atención a todos los pasos de este procedimiento, es probable que algunas cosas fallen. Aquí hay algunas cosas que aprendimos mientras experimentamos con esta herramienta:
If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.
If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.
One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.
Otro buen consejo es reiniciar Serva cada vez que cambie alguna de sus configuraciones y cada vez que agregue algo a su carpeta raíz(root folder) .
Dado que no somos los desarrolladores de este software, no podemos brindarle soporte ni ayudarlo con todos los problemas que pueda encontrar. Si nuestra guía no le ayuda, vuelva a comprobar la documentación de Serva - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install y guía de configuración avanzada - Temas avanzados sobre TFTP(Advanced Topics on TFTP) .
Conclusión
Como puede ver en esta guía, configurar las cosas con Serva requiere bastante tiempo y atención(time and attention) . Sin embargo, es la forma más sencilla de instalar cualquier versión moderna de Windows a través de la red. Funciona muy bien tanto para redes domésticas como para redes de pequeñas o medianas empresas.
Si conoce otras herramientas útiles para instalar Windows a través de la red, no dude en compartirlas utilizando el formulario de comentarios a continuación.
How to Install Any Version of Windows from Other Network Computers
Talk about a complex thing to do: installing Windows over the network. Even installing it via a UЅB drive іs simpler. Hоwever, this doesn't mean it cannot be done. Using a free tool named Serva and a bit of time and attention, anyone can set up his/her network environment so that Windows installations are performed with ease, from one network computer. Here's how the whole process works!
VERY IMPORTANT Prerequisites
There are many things you need to prepare beforehand, so that everything works smoothly. Please don't skip any of these elements or the likelihood of failure will be high:
You need to download and extract a little tool named Serva. Download the appropriate version for your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit). You will notice that there are a "Non-Supporter" version and a "Supporter" version. The free one is the "Non-Supporter" version. It includes a small annoyance when you start it, plus a few limitations that won't impact you unless you are a network admin or IT professional who needs to install lots of operating systems on many network computers. If you are such a professional, go ahead and purchase the "Supporter" version which costs a fair $29.99.
"D:SERVA"
You need the original installation files for the operating system(s) you want to install over the network. Have them at hand as you will need to copy them to a special folder, as they are, without modifications.
For the computers where you are about to install Windows over the network, identify their exact network card model(s). Then, download the appropriate drivers for the Windows version you are about to install on them. By default, Windows setup programs support a limited number of network cards. If your system is rather new, then it is very likely that it won't support its network card and the installation procedure will fail.
Every time you run Serva, run it as administrator. This way it has the required permissions to create files, save the settings you make, etc.
When you run Serva, make sure that it is not blocked by your firewall. The application must be set as allowed on the computer where it runs, otherwise it won't be able to transfer anything over the network.
The computer where the installation files are stored and the one where you want to install Windows must be part of the same network. This means that you have a router on your home network, managing network IP addresses and network traffic. If not, then you should directly connect the two computers with a crossover cable.
Step 1 - Run Serva & Make Its Initial Configuration
Run Serva as administrator. The free version will ask you to wait for 7 seconds before you can use it. Once the wait is over, click "Thanks, not today".
Its window is now open. Click Settings.
First, go to the DHCP tab. If your computers are part of the same network and the management of IP Addresses is taken care of by your router, enable these settings: proxyDHCP and BINL.
BINL is a special add-on that acts as a DHCP protocol extension and it is used by Serva during its preparation and maintenance procedures. proxyDHCP is a special setting that tells Serva that it doesn't need to act as a DCHP server in order to provide IP addresses to the computers connecting to it.
Even though Serva's developers don't recommending enabling this setting, we have learned in our testing that it helps eliminate some issues. Therefore, also enable the box which says "Bind DHCP to this address" and leave the default IP address that is provided.
There is no need to modify other settings in this tab. Next, go to the TFTP tab.
TFTP comes from Trivial File Transfer Protocol and it is the protocol used by Serva to transfer files over the network. This protocol needs a bit of configuration as well.
First, check the box near TFTP Server. Then, you need to specify the so called "root" directory. This is the directory where you plan to store the Windows installation files. This folder can be the same folder where you extracted Serva or a new one. Keep in mind that you should use short paths and avoid using spaces and special characters (*, &, ", etc) in the directory name or its path.
To help eliminate problems in some networking environments, you might want to also check the box near "Bind TFTP to this address" and leave the default IP address unchanged.
Press OK to save your settings. Then close Serva and start it again (as administrator). During the restart, it will create a special folder structure in the root folder you specified.
Amongst those folders, you must find one named WIA_WDS and another named WIA_RIS. If they are not found inside the root folder you specified, something went wrong with Serva's configuration. If all is well, go ahead and read the next section in this article.
Step 2 - Copy the Windows Installation Files
Go to the root folder you specified. Here, you need to copy the Windows installation files, as they are, without any modifications from your side.
If you want to install older versions of Windows like Windows XP or Windows 2000, you need to copy those files in the WIA_RIS folder. Since these operating systems are very old and we don't recommend using them, we won't provide specific instructions for them.
If you plan to install Windows Vista, Windows 7 or Windows 8, then open the WIA_WDS folder. There, create a new folder named according to the Windows version you want to copy. Use simple folder names, with no spaces or special characters. For example, I used Windows_7.
Create separate folders, with different names for all the Windows versions you plan to install over the network, using Serva.
Inside that folder, copy and paste all the installation files for the Windows version you want to install over the network. Simply go to the root of the installation disc, and copy its entire file and folder structure.
Step 3 - Start Serva
Start Serva again, as administrator and wait for it to detect the installation files you added. It will create its special folder structure, required to distribute the installation files over the network.
Then, close Serva and go to the next step.
Step 4 - Copy the Network Card Driver(s)
Next, you need to copy the network card drivers for the computer(s) on which you want to install Windows.
Go the folder where you copied the installation files. In my case it was "D:serva" (both the root and Serva installation folder), followed by "WIA_WDSWindows_7".
There, go to "$OEM$$1DriversNIC". If you can't find these folders, create them yourself.
Then, extract the network card drivers and place them inside. If your drivers come as a setup.exe or as a self-extractable archive, extract it first. Make sure the driver's ".inf" and ".cat" files are stored directly in the NIC folder.
Step 5 - Share WIA_WDS Folder with the Network
In order for Serva to distribute the Windows installation files over the network, they need to be shared with the network, so that other computers can access them. Unfortunately, Serva requires you to share the WIA_WDS folder (and not its subfolders or other folders) using a very specific share name: WIA_WDS_SHARE. Using any other share name means that the installation procedure is likely to fail.
To share this folder with the name we mentioned, you first need to enable advanced sharing in Windows and then share it. Here's how advanced sharing works in Windows: Share Libraries or Folders Using Advanced Sharing.
You must give the user Everyone read-only permissions. You can also share this folder with specific user accounts, whose login details you will use later on, during the network installation process. Again, read-only permissions are enough.
Step 6 - Start Serva
Start Serva again, using administrator permissions. It will detect the network drivers you added and make a few changes, so that the drivers are distributed correctly when you launch the installation process on other computers. You can now leave it open and waiting for network connections.
Next, go to the computer(s) where you want to install Windows.
Step 7 - On the Target PC - Enable Lan Booting & Boot from the Network
Go to the computer where you want to install Windows and enter its BIOS. Make sure networking booting is enabled. This setting can be named "Boot from the network" or "Boot from PXE".
Then, start the computer and press the required key to bring up the Boot Menu. On most computers, you need to press F12 or F8, depending on the BIOS version. Select Network or PXE (again, this depends on your computer's BIOS), to boot from the network, using Serva.
If all is well, you should see a screen similar to the one below, where the computer's MAC is displayed and the network card requests an IP address via DHCP.
When the computer is connected to the network, Serva loads and displays a screen with the operating systems available for installation. Pick the one you want and press ENTER.
The installation files are loaded and a small window named ServaPENet is shown. At this step, Serva installs the network driver you added earlier, loads network resources and connects to the Windows installation folder. Depending on how you shared the WIA_WDS folder, it will ask you to provide a username and password to access it. Type the details of the user account you shared it with and connect.
If all went well, the Windows installation process is now started.
Step 8 - Install Windows Over the Network
Next, continue with the Windows installation, as usual. If you plan to install Windows 8, check this installation guide: How to Install Windows 8 RTM on Your Computer.
Troubleshooting Problems with Serva
If you don't pay attention to all the steps in this procedure, some things are likely to fail. Here are some things we learned while experimenting with this tool:
If ServaPENet returns this error: "Failed No NIC/Driver, Aborting!", it means that you forgot to copy the network card drivers as instructed at Step 4. If you copied them and you still get the error, double check that you have the correct driver for the network card of the computer where you want to install Windows, for the Windows version you are about to install. Also, double check that you copied it to the correct folder. Then, restart Serva to make sure it detects the driver before the network installation procedure starts.
If, on the target computer, Serva is not able to load at all over the network, consider enabling the "Bind DHCP to this address" and "Bind TFTP to this address" settings in the DHCP and TFTP tabs.
One last piece of advice is to check the Serva logs. The messages shown there can help you troubleshoot different problems.
Another good tip is to restart Serva every time you change any of its settings and every time you add something to its root folder.
Since we are not the developers of this software, we cannot provide support for it and help you with all the issues you might encounter. If our guide does not help you, then double check Serva's documentation - Serva PXE/BINL - AN01: Windows Install and advanced configuration guide - Advanced Topics on TFTP.
Conclusion
As you can see from this guide, setting things up with Serva requires quite a bit of time and attention. However, it is the simplest way of installing any modern version of Windows over the network. It works great both for home networks and small or medium sized business networks.
If you know other useful tools for installing Windows over the network, don't hesitate to share them using the comments form below.